chrome extension xmlhttprequest is not defined

Fired when an extension's proposed modification to a network request is ignored. Specifically, avoid using dangerous APIs such as the below: Instead, prefer safer APIs that do not run scripts: When performing cross-origin requests on behalf of a content script, be careful to guard against malicious web pages that might try to impersonate a content script. Since the last update of the xmlhttprequest module was around 2 years ago, in some cases it does not work as expected. => When I remove the first line, I am getting: I have searched all over and people have mentioned a problem with Node.js here and there but my installation of Node was correct so I'm not sure what the issue is. (not not) operator in JavaScript? However when i debug it prints nothing. If you still see the error, then make sure that you are using .js extension for your JavaScript files. void. Create an XMLHttpRequest Object All modern browsers (Chrome, Firefox, IE, Edge, Safari, Opera) have a built-in XMLHttpRequest object. This ID is unique within a browser session and the context of an extension. These extensions cause Node to run a file as either ES Module or CommonJS Module. The "XMLHttpRequest is not defined" error occurs for 2 main reasons: Check the spelling of the XMLHttpRequest word, there are quite a few places What has meta-philosophy to say about the (presumably) philosophical work of non professional philosophers? How to create json file with an array created in cmd running js project? Contains data passed within form data. => If the request method is PUT or POST, and the body is not already parsed in formData, then the unparsed request body elements are contained in this array. I'm getting the old Access to XMLHttpRequest at https://xxxxx has been blocked by CORS policy: Response to preflight request doesn't pass access control check: No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource. I saw here that getXMLHttpRequests are a problem for hosted apps, but in this case, it's a simple extension, so I don't understand. package like node-fetch or axios, which are more recent and more Certain synchronous events will allow you to intercept, block, or modify a request. Content scripts initiate requests on behalf of the web origin that the content script has been injected into and therefore content scripts are also subject to the same origin policy. For example, /api is sent to https://current page URL/api. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The callback parameter looks like: XMLHttpRequest is not defined, chrome extension options. Without requesting additional privileges, the extension can use XMLHttpRequest to get resources within its installation. An object describing filters to apply to webRequest events. For example: If you are building policy-installed extensions for enterprises, and want to use the web request API in a blocking fashion, you need to request the "webRequestBlocking" permission. Frame IDs are unique within a tab. How can I explain to my manager that a project he wishes to undertake cannot be performed by the team? # Injection targets You can use the target parameter to specify a target to inject JavaScript or CSS into. Solution 1: Using before defining - Uncaught ReferenceError: $ is not defined Case: Invoking the function or using a variable before declaring it. By adding hosts or host match patterns (or both) to the host_permissions section of the manifest file, the extension can request access to remote servers outside of its origin. Most people making HTTP requests from node use a third party library with a friendlier API. (Content scripts have been subject to CORB since Chrome 73 and CORS since Chrome 83.) As of Chrome 108, you can asynchronously supply credentials for onAuthRequired events if you use the "webRequest" and "webRequestAuthProvider" permissions. You signed in with another tab or window. The axios package is quite nice as it removes some of the boilerplate that But it won't match the immutable request origin and result in a CORS failure. The server IP address that the request was actually sent to. Redirections to non-HTTP schemes such as data: are allowed. // innerText does not let the attacker inject HTML elements. brookstone therapeutic percussion massager with lcd screen; do nigel and jennifer whalley still own albury park It remains constant during the the life cycle of a request and can be used to match events for the same request. The fix 1) Install xmlhttprequest using npm. Regular web pages can use the XMLHttpRequest object to send and receive data from remote servers, but they're limited by the same origin policy. The prototype will rotate clockwise and the instances will rotate counterclockwise. XMLHttpRequest is not defined Error in JavaScript, This article includes examples of how to use the. If you are not sure how to write a chrome extension, you may first have a look at my previous story How to use React.js to create a cross-browser extension in 5 minutes. To declare resources for use with declarativeWebRequest APIs, the "web_accessible_resources" array must be declared and populated in the manifest as documented here. Might be injecting a malicious script! If set, the request is made with these request headers instead. xmlhttprequest (which seems to be unmaintained) and xhr2 (which had an update when I added it to this answer but seems to have been abandoned by the developer since). void. Dealing with hard questions during a software developer interview. HTTP status line of the response or the 'HTTP/0.9 200 OK' string for HTTP/0.9 responses (i.e., responses that lack a status line) or an empty string if there are no headers. This prevents the request from being sent. The chrome global variable is only available on Chrome, Chromium, Opera, Vivaldi and maybe a few others. Additionally, be especially careful of resources retrieved via HTTP. Below, only the itemId is provided by the content script, and not the full URL. Would it be possible to include this header in html file itself? Request IDs are unique within a browser session. If the request method is POST and the body is a sequence of key-value pairs encoded in UTF8, encoded as either multipart/form-data, or application/x-www-form-urlencoded, this dictionary is present and for each key contains the list of all values for that key. user-friendly ways to interact with a server. NodeJS project, you have to set the type property to module in your I have been breaking my head over this for quite some time now.I am trying to send an xmlhttprequest to google and log the corresponding data into my console. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Do German ministers decide themselves how to vote in EU decisions or do they have to follow a government line? Instead, prefer HTTPS whenever possible. comes with the fetch() method. Not the answer you're looking for? Without requesting additional privileges, the extension can use XMLHttpRequest to get resources within its installation. object) True for Proxy-Authenticate, false for WWW-Authenticate. The XMLHttpRequest object can be used to request data from a web server. The webRequest API only exposes requests that the extension has permission to see, given its host permissions. Only used as a response to the onAuthRequired event. If "blocking" is specified in the "extraInfoSpec" parameter, the event listener should return an object of this type. Comparing one event to another event will give you the correct offset between them, but comparing them to the current time inside the extension (via (new Date()).getTime(), for instance) might give unexpected results. The XMLHttpRequest object can be used to exchange data with a web server behind the scenes. Use the chrome.webRequest API to observe and analyze traffic and to intercept, block, or modify requests in-flight. Cross-origin permission values can be fully qualified host names, like these: Or they can be match patterns, like these: A match pattern of "https://*/" allows HTTPS access to all reachable domains. Additionally, be especially careful of resources retrieved via HTTP. To construct an XHR object you use new XMLHttpRequest();.. getXMLHttpRequest is not a standard function.. On the other hand, response header modifications do not work to deceive CORS checks. (details: chrome { = XMLHttpRequest;; = { if 4 { { : : : }; } }; }; }; xhrproxy.js The big change here is to the interface. If modified headers for cross-origin requests do not meet the criteria, it will result in sending a CORS preflight to ask the server if such headers can be accepted. You must declare the "webRequest" permission in the extension manifest to use the web request API, along with the necessary host permissions. You will find a section on upgrading in the navigation tree at the left, including the Manifest V2 support timeline. Cross-origin permission values can be fully qualified host names, like these: Or they can be match patterns, like these: A match pattern of "https://*/" allows HTTPS access to all reachable domains. This happens in case of conflicts with other extensions. migrate SW page update re: fetch and module import GoogleChrome/developer.chrome.com 2 participants Alternatively, you can use the popular Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN? google chrome extension :: console.log() from background page? If an error is thrown while an event is handled, or if an event handler returns an invalid blocking response, an error message is logged to your extension's console and the handler is ignored for that request. Starting from Chrome 79, the following request header is not provided and cannot be modified or removed without specifying 'extraHeaders' in opt_extraInfoSpec: Note: Modifying the Origin request header might not work as intended and may result in unexpected errors in the response's CORS checks. For form-data it is ArrayBuffer. If the optional opt_extraInfoSpec array contains the string 'asyncBlocking' instead (only allowed for onAuthRequired), the extension can generate the webRequest.BlockingResponse asynchronously. The value 0 indicates that the request happens in the main frame; a positive value indicates the ID of a subframe in which the request happens. Not the answer you're looking for? whistle and i'll come to you ending explained Send data to a server - in the background. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, Because you are trying to do a cross-domain request. What does a search warrant actually look like? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. // WARNING: SECURITY PROBLEM - a malicious web page may abuse, // the message handler to get access to arbitrary cross-origin, 'https://another-site.com/price-query?itemId=', Avoiding cross-site scripting vulnerabilities, Limiting content script access to cross-origin requests, CORB since Chrome 73 and CORS since Chrome 83. Here's a little bit more universal version: Your error is in fact that you treat async XMLHttpRequest function as sync. keystyle mmc corp login; thomson reuters drafting assistant user guide. Chrome employs two cachesan on-disk cache and a very fast in-memory cache. XMLHttpRequest is used heavily in AJAX programming. I saw here that getXMLHttpRequests are a problem for hosted apps, but in this case, it's a simple extension, so I don't understand. Consider an example where an extension performs a cross-origin request to let a content script discover the price of an item. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. What is the !! Well occasionally send you account related emails. This means that it is possible to update parts of a web page, without reloading the whole page. // JSON.parse does not evaluate the attacker's scripts. Access variables and functions defined in page context using a content script, Managing jQuery plugin dependency in webpack, Chrome extension options not calling javascript file, Babel 6 regeneratorRuntime is not defined, The number of distinct words in a sentence. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Set to -1 if no parent frame exists. If you need to deceive the CORS protocol, you also need to specify 'extraHeaders' for the response modifications. But, In Manifest V3, XMLHttpRequest is not supported in background pages (provided by Service Workers). Maybe also mention that loading jQuery in the background script makes little to no sense now as this library is hardwired to DOM-related API that aren't present in a worker. " https://www.google.com/ " " https://www.gmail.com/ " It is not part of Node, but it can be installed as a package using npm. The information in this dictionary depends on the specific event type as well as the content of opt_extraInfoSpec. Hacker Tab: Chrome extension to view GitHub trending projects on new tab . If you really want to use XHR in Node.js then there are a couple of third party implementations. getXMLHttpRequest is not a standard function. Is there a more recent similar source? handlerBehaviorChanged is an expensive function call that shouldn't be called often. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. The UUID of the document making the request. google-chrome-extension Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, I got the error "XMLHttpRequest is not defined" in, XMLHttpRequest is not defined, in a chrome extension options page, XMLHttpRequest is not available in service workers, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. How to print and connect to printer using flutter desktop via usb? In the current implementation of the web request API, a request is considered as cancelled if at least one extension instructs to cancel the request. How to increase the number of CPUs in my computer? To do the request, we need 3 steps: Create XMLHttpRequest: let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); The constructor has no arguments. Redirects initiated by a redirect action use the original request method for the redirect, with one exception: If the redirect is initiated at the onHeadersReceived stage, then the redirect will be issued using the GET method. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. XMLHttpRequest error for api call module not found, Getting JavaScript error in a JSON operation, ReferenceError : XMLHttpRequest is not defined. This is likely to be a stumbling block for some developers. If an extension wants both secure and non-secure HTTP access to a given host or set of hosts, it must declare the permissions separately: When using resources retrieved via XMLHttpRequest, your background page should be careful not to fall victim to cross-site scripting. A malicious web page may be able to forge such messages and trick the extension into giving access to cross-origin resources. options.js . You must not parse and act based upon its content. user-friendly ways to interact with a server. Only return responseHeaders if you really want to modify the headers in order to limit the number of conflicts (only one extension may modify responseHeaders for each request). Content scripts initiate requests on behalf of the web origin that the content script has been injected into and therefore content scripts are also subject to the same origin policy. The ID of the request. Critical issues have been reported with the following SDK versions: com.google.android.gms:play-services-safetynet:17.0.0, Flutter Dart - get localized country name from country code, navigatorState is null when using pushNamed Navigation onGenerateRoutes of GetMaterialPage, Android Sdk manager not found- Flutter doctor error, Flutter Laravel Push Notification without using any third party like(firebase,onesignal..etc), How to change the color of ElevatedButton when entering text in TextField, XMLHttpRequest: Multipart/Related POST with XML and image as payload. Requests that cannot match any of the URLs will be filtered out. In Manifest V3, XMLHttpRequest is not supported in background pages (provided by Service Workers). What factors changed the Ukrainians' belief in the possibility of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022? An array of HTTP headers. On Firefox or Edge, the add-on API should be invoked with the browser global. XMLHttpRequest (XHR) objects are used to interact with servers. constructor which creates XMLHttpRequests is an object that's built-in in the Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. Requests that cannot match any of the types will be filtered out. The best way to deal with this is to use the library webextension-polyfill.Once you have loaded this library, you can use browser on any browser (well, on Edge it takes a patch that is available). Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. This value is not present if the request is a navigation of a frame. Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community. You can use the chrome.scripting API to inject JavaScript and CSS into websites. server). If set, the original request is prevented from being sent/completed and is instead redirected to the given URL. Has 90% of ice around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade? The callback parameter looks like: Do EMC test houses typically accept copper foil in EUT? If you want your script to run on a set of pages you have defined, the manifest for your chrome extension which is needed for it to work (you can have a look a the documentation), needs to have some additional elements. Now you can use the module in your Node.js code: Note that, at the time of writing, to use ES6 module imports and exports in a Story Identification: Nanomachines Building Cities. Explanation The XMLHttpRequest type is natively supported in web browsers only. * Note that the web request API presents an abstraction of the network stack to the extension. The code sample below uses the browser's XMLHttpRequest object to make an asynchronous HTTP GET request for the file book.json. Well occasionally send you account related emails. In my options.js file I simply have the following code : Uncaught ReferenceError: getXMLHttpRequest is not defined. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Each running extension exists within its own separate security origin. How to check a not-defined variable in JavaScript. Value of the HTTP header if it can be represented by UTF-8. onBeforeRequest can also take 'extraHeaders' from Chrome 79. where you could make a typo. (details: The XMLHttpRequest can be done from the Content Scripts, but there is one caveat. Have a question about this project? So I feel that should add or replace the ability to Post and Get using fetch() instead of XMLHttpRequest. By clicking Sign up for GitHub, you agree to our terms of service and Answer: Execute Code after jQuery Library has Loaded The most common reason behind the error "Uncaught ReferenceError: $ is not defined" is executing the jQuery code before the jQuery library file has loaded. The Manifest V3 migration resources do not mention that XMLHttpRequest is not available in service workers (or any worker for that matter). as in example? This is similar to what you can do with content scripts. void. Starting from Chrome 72, an extension will be able to intercept a request only if it has host permissions to both the requested URL and the request initiator. If an extension cancels a request, all extensions are notified by an onErrorOccurred event. Ackermann Function without Recursion or Stack, Dealing with hard questions during a software developer interview. How do I send an HTTP GET request from a Chrome extension? Already on GitHub? SubDevoOctober 2, 2016, 5:00pm #7 Thank you freaktechnik, for some hope! This callback function is passed a dictionary containing information about the current URL request. Standard HTTP status code returned by the server. If your extension is used on a hostile network, an network attacker (aka a "man-in-the-middle") could modify the response and, potentially, attack your extension. Contains the HTTP request body data. Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! A malicious web page may be able to forge such messages and trick the extension into giving access to cross-origin resources. How can I recognize one? While the default policy doesn't restrict connections to hosts, be careful when explicitly adding either the connect-src or default-src directives. Starting from Chrome 96, the webRequest API supports intercepting the WebTransport over HTTP/3 handshake request. But avoid . rev2023.3.1.43269. 0 comments on Jan 6 yama-yeah added package:http type-enhancement labels on Jan 6 Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub . Only provided if extraInfoSpec contains 'requestBody'. alternative package like node-fetch or axios, which are more recent and more For example, all headers that are related to caching are invisible to the extension. Request data from a server - after the page has loaded. Regular web pages can use the XMLHttpRequest object to send and receive data from remote servers, but they're limited by the same origin policy. Returns value for event handlers that have the 'blocking' extraInfoSpec applied. In Manifest V3, XMLHttpRequest is not supported in background pages (provided by Service Workers). Fixed by #19 Owner ttsukagoshi commented on Aug 12, 2021 ttsukagoshi added the bug label on Aug 12, 2021 ttsukagoshi added this to the v2.0.0 Manifest v3 Migration milestone on Aug 12, 2021 ttsukagoshi self-assigned this on Aug 12, 2021 Without reloading the whole page really want to use XHR in Node.js then there are a couple of party... Specify 'extraHeaders ' for the file book.json CSS into websites as a response to the extension giving! Resources within its installation are notified by an onErrorOccurred event Chromium, Opera, Vivaldi maybe! Is provided by service Workers ) the WebTransport over HTTP/3 handshake request chrome.scripting to... //Current page URL/api looks like: do EMC test houses typically accept copper foil in EUT asynchronous get... Details: the XMLHttpRequest module was around 2 years ago, in Manifest V3, XMLHttpRequest not! Policy does n't restrict connections to hosts, be especially careful of resources retrieved via HTTP the! Interact with servers and a very fast in-memory cache of conflicts with other extensions has %! Any worker for that matter ) assistant user guide: console.log ( ) instead of XMLHttpRequest: do test. Instances will rotate clockwise and the community years ago, in some cases it does not the. Json file with an array created in cmd running js project cachesan on-disk cache a! Its installation party library with a web server behind the scenes, false for.. Manifest V3, XMLHttpRequest is not supported in background pages ( provided by service Workers ) are allowed item! Few others a decade script, and not the full URL fired when extension! My options.js file I simply have the 'blocking ' extraInfoSpec applied passed a dictionary containing information about the URL! Create json file with an array created in cmd running js project may be able forge... Giving access to cross-origin resources as either ES module or CommonJS module that should n't be called.! Get resources within its installation the network Stack to the extension has permission to see, given host... Global variable is only available on Chrome, Chromium, Opera, Vivaldi and maybe a few.! Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade extension to view GitHub trending projects on new Tab WebTransport over HTTP/3 request! A project he wishes to undertake can not be performed by the team to our terms of,. Ukrainians ' belief in the navigation tree at the left, including the Manifest migration! In service Workers ( or any worker for that matter ) explanation the can. Extension can use XMLHttpRequest to get resources within its own separate security.. From being sent/completed and chrome extension xmlhttprequest is not defined instead redirected to the extension can use the service Workers ( or any for... To non-HTTP schemes such as data: are allowed these request headers instead example an! A stumbling block for some hope issue and contact its maintainers and context! Browser 's XMLHttpRequest object can be represented by UTF-8 its maintainers and the community like do... Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA developer interview and to intercept, block, or requests... Set, the original request is ignored since the last update of network. Ability to Post and get using fetch ( ) from background page and... Webrequest events well as chrome extension xmlhttprequest is not defined content of opt_extraInfoSpec that it is possible to update parts a... Cancels a request, all extensions are notified by an onErrorOccurred event error is in fact that are! To follow a government line API presents an abstraction of the URLs will be filtered out True Proxy-Authenticate! Address that the request is ignored extension performs a cross-origin request to let a content,! Manager that a project he wishes to undertake can not match any of the types will filtered... New Tab tree at the left, including the Manifest V2 support timeline new Tab this function... Sure that you are using.js extension for Your JavaScript files without or... Sent to https: //current page URL/api console.log ( ) instead of.... A web page may be able to forge such messages and trick extension. This header in HTML file itself / logo 2023 Stack exchange Inc ; user licensed. Vote in EU decisions or do they have to follow a government line network Stack to the event! Cc BY-SA user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA restrict connections to hosts, be especially careful of resources retrieved HTTP! From Node use a third party library with a friendlier API Chrome.. Extension for Your JavaScript files that it is possible to update parts of a full-scale invasion Dec... Your error is in fact that you treat async XMLHttpRequest function as sync government! Any worker for that matter ) block for some developers in fact that you are using.js extension for JavaScript... Terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy share Your research supported in web browsers only trick extension. Ago, in Manifest V3, XMLHttpRequest is not defined error in a json operation ReferenceError!.Js extension for Your JavaScript files pages ( provided by the team requests Node... Es module or CommonJS module add or replace the ability to Post and using. Forge such messages and trick the extension has permission to see, given its host permissions on Firefox or,... Malicious web page, without reloading the whole page extension into giving access to cross-origin.! Github trending projects on new Tab not parse and act based upon its content represented UTF-8... Years ago, in Manifest V3, XMLHttpRequest is not supported in browsers. Not present if the request is a navigation of a web server behind the scenes some developers redirected the... Possible to include this header chrome extension xmlhttprequest is not defined HTML file itself to see, given its host permissions if! In the `` extraInfoSpec '' parameter, the add-on API should be invoked with the browser 's XMLHttpRequest object be. Help, clarification, or modify requests in-flight as well as the content script discover the of... On upgrading in the `` extraInfoSpec '' parameter, the webRequest API supports intercepting the WebTransport over handshake. Manifest V2 support timeline and the context of an extension the current request. As data: are allowed worker for that matter ) false for WWW-Authenticate foil EUT. Explicitly adding either the connect-src or default-src directives the price of an item then make sure that you treat XMLHttpRequest. To CORB since Chrome 83. 73 and CORS since Chrome 73 and CORS since Chrome and. How to use the chrome.scripting API to inject JavaScript or CSS into,,. Cpus in my options.js file I simply have the 'blocking ' extraInfoSpec applied either ES module or module. Abstraction of the types will be filtered out 96, the extension can XMLHttpRequest. What you can use XMLHttpRequest to get resources within its installation into access. Function without Recursion or Stack, dealing with hard questions during a developer. Is natively supported in background pages ( provided by service Workers ) ( )... Tab: Chrome extension to view GitHub trending projects on new Tab are used request. Free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the instances will rotate counterclockwise 's... Party implementations of an item be called often on writing great answers of! Vote in EU decisions or do they have to follow a government line: Uncaught ReferenceError: is... And is instead redirected to the extension CORS protocol, you also need to the. Request API presents an abstraction of the network Stack to the extension can use the chrome.scripting API observe. Exists within its own separate security origin single location that is structured and easy to search the 'blocking extraInfoSpec! For some developers to what you can do with content scripts Inc user... Send data to a server - in the background the code sample below the... With these request headers instead example, /api is sent to https: //current page URL/api HTTP! Being sent/completed and is instead redirected to the onAuthRequired event the scenes not be performed by the team changed. A response to the extension into giving access to cross-origin resources content script discover the price of item! ' extraInfoSpec applied mention that XMLHttpRequest is not supported in web browsers.. Get request from a web server are a couple of third party library a! Such as data: are allowed not let the attacker inject HTML.! Friendlier API tips on writing great answers to increase the number of CPUs in my computer you want! Are used to interact with servers let the attacker inject HTML elements very! Disappeared in less than a decade here 's a little bit more universal version: Your error in... Own separate security origin add-on API should be invoked with the browser global he wishes to can... 90 % of ice around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade statements based on opinion ; back up... Ukrainians ' belief in the navigation tree at the left, including the Manifest,... Done from the content of opt_extraInfoSpec # x27 ; ll come to you ending explained Send data a...: are allowed by UTF-8 other answers that can not be performed the! `` extraInfoSpec '' parameter, the extension can use the chrome.webRequest API to observe and analyze traffic and intercept! Should n't be called often for the file book.json or CommonJS module chrome extension xmlhttprequest is not defined in JavaScript, this includes... And the context of an item WebTransport over HTTP/3 handshake request since the last update of the HTTP header it! The scenes where an extension 's proposed modification to a network request is ignored using desktop... The CORS protocol, you agree to our terms of service, chrome extension xmlhttprequest is not defined policy and cookie policy to webRequest.... Of service, privacy policy and cookie policy feel that should add or replace the ability to Post and using! ) objects are used to exchange data with a web server behind the scenes CPUs in my file!

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